Vietnam Economic Issue: Looking from Enterprise Sector, Export and Import Situations
Abstract: At first glance, Vietnam has relatively high growth rate in the region and in the world, the average growth in the period of 2011 - 2018 is about 6.2%. As soon as the Covid 19 pandemic became active, causing most countries to have a negative GDP growth rate, but Vietnam's GDP growth in the first quarter was still 3.82%.
This study tried to describe the situation in the context of the current economic situation in Viet Nam through the production results of the enterprise sector, import and export.
The study used official data sources from Vietnam General Statistics Office.
Key words: Enterprise, export, import, value added, turnover
INTRODUCTION
In GDP of Vietnam is not disaggregated by institutional area as recommended in System of National Accounts [1] of United Nation but by types of ownership. Type of ownership was classificated of Vietnam general statistics office (GSO) [2] includes:
+ State
+ Non- State was divided:
- Collective
- Private
- Household
- Foreign investment sector
Enterprise in the “white paper on Vietnamese enterprises 2020” [3] is classified by scale and type of ownership.
Regarding classified by scale includes:
- Micro enterprises
- Small enterprises
- Medium enterprises
- Big enterprises
Classified by type of ownership includes:
- State enterprises
- Domestic private enterprises
- Foreign direct investment enterprises
A number of recent studies for a number of developing countries with manufacturing sector are basically outsourcing, resulting in their exports being more beneficial to the countries that they import for intermediaye inputs of export country [4, 5]. More over, due to saving of country equal GDP + net, property income + net, curent transfer - final consumption; therefore, in the case of FDI-based GDP growth may lead to smaller savings when the cash flow of property payments abroad increases rapidly [6]. This articleis based on results of enterprise survey of Vietnam general statistics office for some analysis of capital structure, rate of return on capital, value-added ratio compared to net turnover by scale and type of enterprises.
The next section will analyze Vietnam's import and export situation and their implicationsfor Vietnam's economy.
The effects of final demand on output, value added and imports has been studied by M. Muchdie et al (2018) [7],
before, in order to explained that imported intermediate input was shown in the usual Keynesian foreign trade multiplier analysis by Trinh et al (2008) [8]. In an open
economy, X + M = C + I + E; the external sector is
combined inconsistently with the domestic sector in the circular flow. Where, X stands for net national products (or net final demand) excluding intermediate products, while M stands for imported including intermediate products, C stands for final consumption, I stand for gross capital formation and E is export. This research also based on Vieetnam input-output tables, 2012 [9] and 2016i with the export vector (E) was divided to export of FDI area (Ef) and export of domestic economic activities (Ed).